Phorbol, a plant-derived diterpene, is a tumor promoter through the activation of protein kinase C.

Praeruptorin B has significant important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGTs) isoforms inhibition activity.

(4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine is an L-isoleucine derivative that is L-isoleucine bearing a (4S)-hydroxy substituent. It has a role as a plant metabolite.

Geraniin, a hydrolysable polyphenol derived from Nephelium lappaceum L. fruit rind, has been shown to possess significant antioxidant activity in vitro.

Alliin is a sulfoxide that is a natural constituent of fresh garlic.

Crassicauline A, a diterpenoid alkaloid in Aconitum herbs, is an analgesic drug clinically used in China.

1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose is the pentagallic acid ester of glucose. It could be used for precipitating proteins.

Rhynchophylline, an active component isolated from species of the genus Uncaria, acts as a calcium channel blocker and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine mainly for treating ailments of central nervous and cardiovascular systems, such as lightheadedness, convulsions, numbness, and hypertension.