Batyl alcohol, isolated from shark liver oil, is also present in yellow bone marrow of animals and has been described as an inflammatory agent.

Caryophyllene oxide, an oxygenated terpenoid existed in many plant essential oil, is well known as preservative in food, drugs and cosmetics with anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and skin penetration enhancing  properties.

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic antioxidant found in the leaves and twigs of the evergreen desert shrub, Larrea tridentata (Sesse and Moc. ex DC) Coville (creosote bush). It is a recognized inhibitor of lipoxygenase (LOX) and has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties.

Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate is an anti-fungal agent often used in a variety of cosmetics, personal-care products and food preservatives.

Trans-anethole is a phenylpropene derivative found in many essential oils, including anise oil. It has neuromodulatory, anxiolytic, antioxidative, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities.

Ketoisophorone, also known as 4-Oxoisophorone, is the major component of saffron spice.

Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar. It is thought to provide plants and animals with the ability to withstanding periods of dehydration.

Ethyl vanillin, a vanillin analog, is a flavouring agent that exhibits strong antioxidant activity.