Methyl Cholate is methyl ester form of Cholic acid that is a primary bile acid mainly produced by the liver.

Guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, mainly oil of guaiac and chamomile oil, which also serve as its commercial sources.

Thioctic acid (DL-α-Lipoic acid) is a cyclic disulfide antioxidant that interconverts with its reduced dithiol form.

R(+)-α-lipoic acid, a physiological form of thioctic acid, is a strong antioxidant that relieves diabetic neuropathic symptoms. It shows superior antioxidative effects to its racemate.

α-santonin, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, is a potent antiparasitic agent.

Sennoside B, a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, inhibits PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation.

Sennoside A, a kind of irritant laxative isolated from rhei rhizome, causes purgative actions in the intestine.

DeoxyArbutin is a reversible tyrosinase inhibitor, inhibiting tyrosinase activity with IC50 of 50 nM.