Jervine is a Hedgehog signaling (IC50=500-700 nM) inhibitor that inhibits the sonic hedgehog (shh) pathway by interacting with smoothened.

Ganoderic acid A (GAA), a representative active triterpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum, has been reported to exhibit antinociceptive, antioxidative, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities.

Betulin (BE), also known as betulinol, betuline, or betulinic alcohol, is a pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenoid naturally distributed in many plants and displays a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological properties such as anticancer and chemopreventive activity.

Crocin is a water-soluble carotenoid pigment of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). It has been used as a spice for flavoring and coloring food preparations, and in Chinese traditional medicine as an anodyne or tranquilizer.

Thymoquinone (TQ) is the bioactive phytochemical constituent of the seeds oil of Nigella sativa with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.

4-Hydroxychalcone is a chalcone metabolite with diverse biological activities. It inhibits TNFα-induced NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner and also activates BMP signaling.

β-Thujaplicin (β-TH, Hinokitiol) is a toxic tropolone derivative present in the heartwood of western red cedar (Thuja plicata) and is used as a preservative and antimicrobial additive in a number of commercial goods.

Alpha (α)-asarone is one of the main pharmacologically active compounds present in Acorus calamus Linn (Acoraceae), Acorus tatarinowii Schott (Acoraceae), and Acorus gramineus Solander. It has anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and nootropic effects.