Procaine is a benzoic acid derivative with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Procaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses.

Benzocaine hydrochloride is a surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and at nerve endings.

Methyl syringate, a plant phenolic compound, is a specific and selective TRPA1 agonist.

Rabeprazole is an oral inhibitor of proton pump and blocks the production of acid by the stomach.

Efonidipine is an L- and T-type calcium channel blocker leading to vasodilation and decreased automaticity of the heart. It also suppresses aldosterone secretion from the adrenal.

4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potent and non-selective inhibitor of voltage gated potassium channels (Kv) with IC50 values of 170 μM and 230 μM for Kv1.1 and Kv1.2 in CHO cells, respectively.

Revaprazan Hydrochloride is a new reversible proton pump inhibitor with long-lasting acid-suppressive effects.

GS967 is a potent and selective inhibitor of late INa with anti-arrhythmic actions.