Bupivacaine HCl binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells, used for treating cardiac arrhythmias.

Manidipine is a calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine type) that is used clinically as an antihypertensive.

Nateglinide is an insulin secretagog agent that lowers blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion from the pancreas.

Propafenone HCl is a classic anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heartbeats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.

Phenytoin is an inactive voltage-gated sodium channel stabilizer.

Ciclopirox is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent working as an iron chelator.

Amiloride HCl dihydrate is a potent epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) blocker, used in the management of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Gliclazide  is a whole-cell beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium currents blocker with an IC50 of 184 nM.