ML221 is a potent apelin receptor (APJ) functional antagonist in cell-based assays that is >37-fold selective over the closely related angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor. The IC50 values of ML221 are 0.70 and 1.75 μM in a cAMP assay and β-arrestin assay, respectively.

Verinurad (RDEA3170) is a high-affinity inhibitor of the URAT1 transporter with an IC50 of 25 nM for inhibiting transport activity of human URAT1. It inhibits the related URAT1 homologs OAT4 and OAT1 with approximately 200-fold lower affinity compared to URAT1 with IC50 values of 5.9 µM and 4.6 µM, respectively.

7,8-Dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin is a precursor in the synthesis of derivatives of 4-methyl coumarin, which has excellent radical scavenging properties.

Malic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that can be prepared by hydration of maleic acid or fumaric acid

(R)-(-)-Mandelic acid has been used in studies to assess its ability to undergo spontaneous oscillatory chiral conversion and spontaneous condensation to form polymandelic acid.

Deoxyguanosine(2'-Deoxyguanosine) is composed of the purine nucleoside guanine ed by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of deoxyribose.

Bevirimat(YK FH312; FH11327; MPC-4326) is an anti-HIV drug derived from a betulinic acid-like compound

Coixol acts as a central muscle relaxant with an anti-convulsant effect.