Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) used as a sugar substitute. It is especially useful in the production of sweets, including sugarless hard candies, chewing gum, chocolates.

3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is a phenolic aldehyde, a precursor in vanillin synthesis via biotransformation by cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens, a type of chili pepper.

Homoveratrumic acid (Homoveratric acid) is the main metabolite of 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine (DMPEA) in urine.

Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a dihydroxybenzoic acid, is a type of widely distributed naturally occurring phenolic acid.

L-Arabinose (l-Ara) is a plant saccharide that is not found in animals. It is a component of cell wall and may be useful as a natural pharmaceutical.

Pentamidine is an inhibitor of PRL Phosphatases and also inhibits synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein.

Cyclamic acid in the form of its sodium or calcium salt is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners.

Sodium Picosulfate inhibits absorption of water and electrolytes, and increases their secretion.