Scoparone is a natural organic compound discovered from Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia with anticoagulant, hypolipidemic, vasorelaxant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions.  

Lupeol is a significant lupane-type triterpene represented in the plant, fungi and animal kingdoms with anticancer, antiprotozoal, chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties.

Dehydrocostus lactone (DHE), a natural sesquiterpene lactone, inhibits IKKβ activity, IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, coactivators p300 recruitments and p50/p65 NF-κB nuclear translocation, and their DNA binding activity on COX-2 promoter. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor properties.  

Asiaticoside, the major active principle of Centella asiatica, prevents ultraviolet A-dependent photoaging by suppressing ultraviolet A-induced reactive oxygen species production. It also decreases DNA binding by MITF.  

(20S)-Protopanaxatriol(g-PPT), a neuroprotective metabolite of ginsenoside, protopanaxatriol (g-PPT), is a functional ligand for both GR and ERbeta and could modulate endothelial cell functions through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and oestrogen receptor (ER).  

Diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is extracted and purified from liquorices (Radix glycyrrhizae). It is known for its anti-inflammatory effects, resistance to biologic oxidation and membranous protection. DG is able to reduce inflammatory injury via suppression of NF?κB, TNF?α and intercellular adhesion molecule 1.  

Sesamol, a natural organic compound, is regarded as a major antioxidant component in the oil with chemoprevention, antimutagenic, and antihepatotoxic activities. It induces apoptosis of cancer and cardiovascular cells.  

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is the taurine conjugate of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and acts as a mitochondrial stabilizer and anti-apoptotic agent in several models of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, Parkinson's diseases (PD), and Huntington's diseases (HD).