an inhibitor of the Human Apurinic/apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1)

an agonist of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathway

Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects

Squalane is a naturally occuring lipid in both plants and animals. It is usually used as an emollient and moisturizer in cosmetics manufacturing.

Chelidamic acid is a pharmaceutical intermediate as well as a cosmetic material due to its anti-inflammatory and whitening effect.

The prodrug Parecoxib as well as its active metabolite val have a specific affinity to the cannabinoid (CB) receptor measured in CB1-expressing HEK 293 cells and rat brain tissue. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered parecoxib (10 or 30 mg kg(-1), IP) or isotonic saline twice a day starting 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for three consecutive days. The selective COX-2 inhibitor parecoxib was delivered 20 min before or 20 min after the incision by intraperitoneal injection. Pretreatment with parecoxib markedly attenuated the pain hypersensitivity induced by incision.

Carbaryl is a carbamate insecticide and parasiticide and also a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors.

Bromopyruvic acid is a hexokinase II inhibitor with Ki of 2.4 mM for glycolysis/hexokinase inhibition. It is inhibitor of tumour cell energy metabolism and chemopotentiator of platinum drugs.