Citicoline is an essential intermediate in the synthesis of the major phospholipid of the cell membranes, phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). It increases plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels and potentiates serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels by activating the central cholinergic system.  

4-Amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide is an imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides.

PTP Inhibitor II is a cell-permeable protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor that covalently binds the catalytic domain of the Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP-1(ΔSH2)) with Ki value of 128 μM.

Methylmalonate (MMA) is a dicarboxylic acid that can be derived from methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (methylmalonyl-CoA).

Thioisonicotinamide is a synthetic intermediate used for pharmaceutical synthesis.

2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine is a specific inhibitor for GTP cyclohydrolase I, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo pterin synthesis.

Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) is an intercalating agent which resembles a DNA base pair and commonly used as a fluorescent tag (nucleic acid stain) in molecular biology laboratories for techniques such as agarose gel electrophoresis.

4-Chlorosalicylic acid was used in sensitive spectrofluorometric determination of terbium in mixed rare earths and  preparation of poly(4-chlorosalicylic acid-formaldehyde) via condensation with formaldehyde.