4'-Hydroxychalcone, found in herbs and spices and tea, is a member of the class of compounds known as retrochalcones. It has diverse biological activities, inhibiting TNFα-induced NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner and activating BMP signaling.

Cis-Aconitic acid is an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle produced by the dehydration of citric acid.

Farnesol is a natural sesquiterpene alcohol that is potent in treating antimetabolic disorders, anti-inflammation, showing antioxidant, anticancer, and antibiotic effects.

2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a natural phenol found in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta, also a product of human aspirin metabolism. It is a potentially useful iron-chelating drug and has antimicrobial properties.

Acetosyringone is a phenolic natural product with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions.

3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) is one of the constituents of Polygalae Radix and may exert anti-seizure activity by acting at the GABAA/BZ receptor complex.

Purpurin is one of the natural colorants extracted from madder roots and other Rubiaceae family plants. It exhibits anti-angiogenic, antifungal, antibiotic, and antioxidative activities.

Lactobionic acid, an α-hydroxyacid (AHA) with antioxidation activity, is used in the development of cosmeceuticals for skin.